Upgraded metallurgical-grade (UMG) silicon (also accepted as UMG-Si) solar corpuscle is actuality produced as a low amount another to polysilicon created by the Siemens process. UMG abundantly reduces algae in a array of means that crave beneath accessories and activity than the Siemens process.6 UMG is about 99% authentic which is three or added orders of consequence beneath authentic and about 10 times beneath big-ticket than polysilicon ($1.70 to $3.20 per kg from 2005 to 2008 compared to $40 to $400 per kg for polysilicon). It has the abeyant to accommodate nearly-as-good solar corpuscle ability at 1/5 the basic expenditure, bisected the activity requirements, and beneath than $15/kg.7
In 2008 several companies were touting the abeyant of UMG in 2010, but the acclaim crisis abundantly bargain the amount of polysilicon and several UMG producers put affairs on hold.89 The Siemens action will abide the ascendant anatomy of assembly for years to appear due to added calmly implementing the Siemens process. GT Solar claims a fresh Siemens action can aftermath at $27/kg and may ability $20/kg in 5 years. GCL-Poly expects assembly costs to be $20/kg by end of 2011.10 Elkem Solar estimates their UMG costs to be $25/kg, with a accommodation of 6,000 tonnes by the end of 2010. Calisolar expects UMG technology to aftermath at $12/kg in 5 years with boron at 0.3 ppm and phosphorus at 0.6 ppm.11 At $50/kg and 7.5 g/W, bore manufacturers absorb $0.37/W for the polysilicon. For comparison, if a CdTe architect pays atom amount for tellurium ($420/kg in April 2010) and has a 3 micron thickness, their amount would be 10 times less, $0.037/Watt. At 0.1 g/W and $31/ozt for silver, polysilicon solar producers absorb $0.10/W on silver.12
Q-Cells, Canadian Solar, and Calisolar accept acclimated Timminco UMG. Timminco is able to aftermath UMG-Si with 0.5 ppm boron for $21/kg but were sued by shareholders because they had accepted $10/kg.13 RSI and Dow Corning accept additionally been in action over UMG-Si technology
In 2008 several companies were touting the abeyant of UMG in 2010, but the acclaim crisis abundantly bargain the amount of polysilicon and several UMG producers put affairs on hold.89 The Siemens action will abide the ascendant anatomy of assembly for years to appear due to added calmly implementing the Siemens process. GT Solar claims a fresh Siemens action can aftermath at $27/kg and may ability $20/kg in 5 years. GCL-Poly expects assembly costs to be $20/kg by end of 2011.10 Elkem Solar estimates their UMG costs to be $25/kg, with a accommodation of 6,000 tonnes by the end of 2010. Calisolar expects UMG technology to aftermath at $12/kg in 5 years with boron at 0.3 ppm and phosphorus at 0.6 ppm.11 At $50/kg and 7.5 g/W, bore manufacturers absorb $0.37/W for the polysilicon. For comparison, if a CdTe architect pays atom amount for tellurium ($420/kg in April 2010) and has a 3 micron thickness, their amount would be 10 times less, $0.037/Watt. At 0.1 g/W and $31/ozt for silver, polysilicon solar producers absorb $0.10/W on silver.12
Q-Cells, Canadian Solar, and Calisolar accept acclimated Timminco UMG. Timminco is able to aftermath UMG-Si with 0.5 ppm boron for $21/kg but were sued by shareholders because they had accepted $10/kg.13 RSI and Dow Corning accept additionally been in action over UMG-Si technology
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